Ni nde wungutse kurusha abandi hagati ya Amerika, u Rwanda, RDC, AFC/M23 na Qatar? "Umwaka nyuma y’amasezerano ya Washington"

Nyuma y'umwaka umwe, ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa ni ukumenya niba aya masezerano yaratanze umusaruro wari utegerejwe, ndetse n'uwaba yarungukiye kurusha abandi.

Mu gusubiza iki kibazo, ni ingenzi kwifashisha ibipimo bifatika aho gushingira ku marangamutima cyangwa ku ruhande rumwe rw'abarebwa n'iki kibazo.

Iri sesengura rishingiye ku bipimo bitanu by'ingenzi:

Inyungu za dipolomasi,Umutekano n'imiterere y'ibibera ku rugamba,Inyungu z'ubukungu,Kongera ijambo n'icyizere ku rwego mpuzamahanga,Isesengura ry'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibikubiye mu masezerano.

Mu myaka yashize, ibiganiro byerekeye ikibazo cya Congo byakundaga kubera i Addis Ababa, Luanda cyangwa Nairobi. Ariko Washington Accord yagaragaje ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifuza kongera kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura amakimbirane yo muri Afurika.

Mu guhuza impande zitavuga rumwe no gushyigikira ibiganiro, Washington yongeye kwiyerekana nk'umukinnyi ukomeye muri dipolomasi yo ku mugabane wa Afurika.

Byongeye kandi, Amerika ifite inyungu z'igihe kirekire zirimo guteza imbere ishoramari no korohereza ibigo byayo kubona amabuye y'agaciro y'ingenzi akoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, Amerika ni imwe mu zungukiye cyane kuko yongeye kwisubiza umwanya w'umuhuza wari usanzwe ufitwe n'ibihugu byo mu karere birimo Angola na Kenya.

Qatar nayo yakomeje kongera izina ryayo nk'igihugu gifasha mu gukemura amakimbirane mpuzamahanga.

Kwakira ibiganiro bireba u Rwanda na RDC byayihaye amahirwe yo kongera kwiyerekana nk'igihugu gifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ibiganiro bikomeye no guhuza impande zishyamiranye.

Nubwo idafite inyungu zigaragara mu mutungo kamere wo muri aka karere, yungukiye cyane mu rwego rwo kongera icyizere n'ijambo muri dipolomasi mpuzamahanga.

Ku ruhande rw'u Rwanda, aya masezerano yabaye urubuga rwo gukomeza kugaragariza amahanga impungenge zarwo ku mutekano, cyane cyane ku kibazo cy'umutwe wa FDLR n'indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera hafi y'umupaka warwo.

Mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, u Rwanda rwakomeje ibiganiro n'abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga.

Icyakora, ku birebana n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibiteganywa n'aya masezerano, haracyari ibibazo bitarakemuka, ku buryo bitaroroha kuvuga ko intego zarwo zose zamaze kugerwaho.

Leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yakomeje kungukira mu kuba ikibazo cyayo cyarakomeje kwitabwaho n'amahanga ndetse kigashyirwa mu byihutirwa mu biganiro mpuzamahanga.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, ikibazo cy'umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC kiracyari ingorabahizi.

Kuba ibiganiro bikomeje ntabwo bisobanuye ko impamvu z'ibanze zateye amakimbirane zamaze gukemuka. Mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibikubiye mu masezerano, haracyari urugendo rurerure.

Ku ruhande rwa AFC/M23, imwe mu nyungu yagaragaye ni uko yakomeje kuba umwe mu bafatwaho nk'abafite uruhare mu biganiro bigamije gushaka amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.

Icyakora, kuba iri huriro rikomeje kuvugwa cyangwa rikitabira ibiganiro ntabwo bihita bisobanura ko ryageze ku ntego zaryo za politiki cyangwa iz'umutekano, kuko ibyo bizaterwa n'uko ibiganiro n'amasezerano azashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Hashingiwe kuri ibi bipimo byose, isesengura rigaragaza ko:

Amerika ari yo yungutse cyane mu rwego rwa dipolomasi no kongera ijambo ryayo muri Afurika yo Hagati.

Qatar yakomeje kwiyubaka nk'umuhuza mpuzamahanga wizewe.

U Rwanda rwakomeje gukoresha dipolomasi mu gusobanura impungenge zarwo, nubwo ibisubizo byose rwifuza bitaragerwaho.

RDC yakomeje kubona ubufasha n'ubwitabire mpuzamahanga, ariko ikibazo cy'umutekano kiracyakomeye. 

AFC/M23 yakomeje kuba umwe mu baganirwaho mu gushaka amahoro, ariko umusaruro uzapimwa n'ibizava mu biganiro no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo.

Nyuma y'umwaka umwe Washington Accord ishyizweho umukono, bigaragara ko inyungu zagaragaye cyane kugeza ubu zishingiye ku rwego rwa dipolomasi kurusha uko zigaragara ku buzima bw'abaturage cyangwa ku mutekano wo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Ariko amateka y'amasezerano y'amahoro agaragaza ko umusaruro wayo utapimirwa ku muhango wo kuyasinya cyangwa ku magambo y'abayobozi, ahubwo upimirwa ku bushobozi bwo kuzana amahoro arambye, kugabanya imirwano no kuzamura imibereho y'abaturage.

Bityo, igisubizo nyakuri ku kibazo cy'uwungutse kurusha abandi kizashingira ahanini ku rugero amasezerano azashyirwa mu bikorwa no ku musaruro azatanga mu myaka iri imbere, aho gushingira gusa ku byagaragaye mu mwaka wa mbere nyuma yo kuyashyiraho umukono.